This is a great question, @Sivonnah! And there have already been some great answers too 
Out of curiosity, I decided to dig around in my mind and see what my own interpretations for each are. These aren’t meant to invalidate anyone else’s, just trying to organize my own magical terms 
I would say that to:
Consecrate is to welcome a new tool into your magickal practice. It prepares a non-magickal item for magickal use. This ritual may or may not also include cleansing, charging, and a blessing and/or enchantment depending on the ritual being used.
Cleanse is to remove unwanted negative energy from an object, person, or space.
Charge is to increase the energy of an object, person, or space. Like charging your phone, it involves tapping into a source to add energy that will make the target stronger.
Bless is to add general positive energy to an object, person, or space.
→ Hex is the opposite of bless. It sends a general negative energy to an object, person, or space.
Enchant (or Imbue) is to add a certain type of energy to an object, person, or space. It may be for protection, luck, etc - the intention is specific (while blessings are left to be more general).
→ Curse is the opposite of enchant, it adds a certain type of negative/aggressive/attack energy to an object, person, or space. The intention is specific.
As for charm, it’s a more general term - I’ve seen in magical books used to simply mean “spell” (like the Nine Wort Charm). In other contexts, it’s a physical item or symbol like a good luck charm - which may be either a Talisman (a magickal object used to attract positive things) or an Amulet (a magickal item used to ward off negative things).
Again, just my personal definitions - but it was a very thought-provoking exercise! This was a good question, thank you @Sivonnah! 
