Great find!! I instantly recognized that deck! They look a lot like Spanish playing cards and they have the same feature of jumping from the 7 to the court cards (skipping 8s and 9s).
In Argentina we normally use them to play a game called Truco, which is a trump game like Tarocco/Tarocchi. So in a roundabout way it’s related to the Tarot deck but with fewer cards.
I recall using them when I was a kid to play a game of Past, Present and Future just like the one you described. But they could be used for divining with playing cards. Here are mine:
